3-3.2.11 Solid Phase PCR:
Solid phase PCR uses surface-bound primers instead of freely-diffusing ones to amplify DNA. The primers are bound to the glass surface via a 5′-specific linkage that can withstand PCR conditions and leaves the 3′-ends available for DNA polymerase activity. The newly synthesized DNA can be detected and quantified by radioactive and fluorescent hybridization assays. It offers a probable approach for attachment of DNA molecules by their 5′-end on a solid support and can be used as an alternative route for producing DNA chips for genomic studies.
3-3.2.12 A symmetric PCR:
In asymmetric PCR preferential amplification of one strand of the target DNA occurs. Here, one of the primers has a limiting concentration or is left out. When the limiting primer has exhausted, arithmetic increase in replication occurs through elongation of the excess primer. It is used to generate one DNA strand as product for use in sequencing methods and in probing hybridization.
3-3.2.13 LATE PCR:
Linear-After-The-Exponential-PCR (or LATE-PCR) is a modification of asymmetric PCR. In usual asymmetric PCR, the limiting primer concentration decreases mid-reaction and thus decreases the reaction efficiency. Instead, in LATE PCR, a limiting primer with a higher melting temperature (Tm) in comparison to the excess primer is used, and there by allows asymmetric synthesis of strand of interests in excess while maintaining the reaction efficiency.