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Signalized intersections are the important points or nodes within a system of
highways and streets.
To describe some measure of effectiveness to evaluate a signalized intersection
or to describe the quality of operations is a difficult task.
There are a number of measures that have been used in capacity analysis and
simulation, all of which quantify some aspect of experience of a driver traversing a
signalized intersection.
The most common measures are average delay per vehicle, average queue length,
and number of stops.
Delay is a measure that most directly relates driver's experience and it is
measure of excess time consumed in traversing the intersection.
Length of queue at any time is a useful measure, and is critical in determining
when a given intersection will begin to impede the discharge from an adjacent
upstream intersection.
Number of stops made is an important input parameter, especially in air quality models.
Among these three, delay is the most frequently used measure of effectiveness
for signalized intersections for it is directly perceived by a driver.
The estimation of delay is complex due to random arrival of vehicles, lost time
due to stopping of vehicles, over saturated flow conditions etc.
This chapter looks are some important models to estimate delays.
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