5-5.4.5. Position effect

• Absence of position effect due to lack of a compact chromatin structure and efficient transgene integration by homologous recombination.
  
  
• Avoids inadvertent inactivation of host gene by transgene integration.

5-5.4.6. Disulphide bond formation

Ability to form disulfide bonds and folding human proteins results in high-level production of biopharmaceuticals in plants.

5-5.4.7. Multiple gene expression

Multiple transgene expression is possible due to polycistronic mRNA transcription.

Figure 5-5.4.7: Multigene expression

(Adapted from Daniell H, Khan MS, Allison L. 2002. Milestones in chloroplast genetic engineering: an environmentally friendly era in biotechnology. Trends in Plant Science 7 (2): 84-91.)

5-5.4.8. Expression of edible vaccine

High level of expression and engineering foreign genes without the use of antibiotic resistant genes makes this compartment ideal for the development of edible vaccines.

5-5.4.9. Codon usage

Chloroplast is originated from cyanobacteria through endosymbiosis. It shows significant similarities with the bacterial genome. Thus, any bacterial genome can be inserted in chloroplast genome.