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In classical physics have come to regard matter and waves as two disctinct entities. A particle is an idealized point object which is characterized by |
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position (a particle cannot be in more than one position at the same time) |
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In practice entities like electrons, protons, atoms, molecules etc. are approximated as particles. In classical dynamics it is also common to consider macroscopic objects like a billiard ball as a particle. Particle transmit energy from one point in space to another by collisions with other particles during which transfer of momentum also takes place.
Wave is an extended disturbance in space which can transmit energy from one point to another without imparting a net motion to the medium through which it propagates. Examples of waves are mechanical waves like sound waves, water waves etc. which require a material medium to propagate and electromagnetic waves (light waves, radio waves, x-rays etc.) which can propagate in space without requiring a medium. A wave is characterized by |
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Traditionally, the wave and particle properties have been considered distinct. For instance, the following phenomena can be only understood in terms of wave properties : |
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Similarly, the process of collision or the concept of temperature as energy of vibrating molecules are understood in terms of particle properties. However, some experimental observations made in the late 19th century and early 20th century seemed to indicate that the strict behavioural pattern stated above is not always valid. |
