In the last module entitled “Cultural Industries, Cultural Forms” we began by looking at the concept “culture industry” as argued by Max Horkhiemer and Theodor Adorno who hold that mass culture infects everything with sameness, standardization, regulation and deception.

We saw further that commodities, as Marx argued, have both use value and exchange value and that commodities become ‘fetishes' whereby the inequalities in their production processes are concealed. Barker argues that commodities undergo changes in design and production which are modified and new meanings are created. The consumer feedback also propels the creation of new designs, which make it a dynamic process.