Language is both a site and is constitutive of Cultural Studies. We saw through Richard Rorty, the philosopher, that culture therefore, can be seen as a language, as conversation.

Further, we saw that ethnicity was about sharing norms, values, cultural practices, blood ties and homeland. We distinguished between nation and national identity and found that nation was more than just geography, or boundaries and maps. Nation is also shown to us by Benedict Anderson as an imagined community and national identity a matter of a narrative of shared origins images, symbols and rituals.

Consumption as a site of culture entails not only objects but also the consumption of ideas, media forms, and cultural artefacts. While consumption was initially studied in sociology and anthropology, the cultural turn in consumption studies brought in various other aspects. It was a multidisciplinary and post-utilitarian approach which focused on semiotic systems, i.e., the use and meanings of goods. Cultural Studies foregrounds the experiential, aesthetic and emotional aspects of consumption. Cultural practices like eating out are not only about gratification, but a total consumption package where the whole experience was a constructed / simulated one.