Module 8 : Specialized Traffic Studies
Lecture 47 : Pedestrian Studies
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Pedestrian Queuing LOS

LOS A

Average Pedestrian Space $ > 1.2$ $ m^2$/p. Standing and free circulation through the queuing area is possible without disturbing others within the queue.

LOS B

Average Pedestrian Space $ > 0.9-1.2$ $ m^2$/ p. Standing and partially restricted circulation to avoid disturbing others in the queue is possible.

LOS C

Average Pedestrian Space $ > 0.6-0.9$ $ m^2$/p. Standing and restricted circulation through the queuing area by disturbing others in the queue is possible; this density is within the range of personal comfort.

LOS D

Average Pedestrian Space $ > 0.3-0.6$ $ m^2$/p. Standing without touching is possible; circulation is severely restricted within the queue and forward movement is only possible as a group; long-term waiting at this density is uncomfortable.

LOS E

Average Pedestrian Space $ > 0.2-0.3$ $ m^2$/p. Standing in physical contact with others is unavoidable; circulation in the queue is not possible; queuing can only be sustained for a short period without serious discomfort.

LOS F

Average Pedestrian Space $ \leq 0.2$ $ m^2$/p. Virtually all persons within the queue are standing in direct physical contact with others; this density is extremely uncomfortable; no movement is possible in the queue; there is potential for panic in large crowds at this density.

LOS at signalized intersection

The signalized intersection crossing is more complicated to analyze than a mid-block crossing, because it involves intersecting sidewalk flows, pedestrians crossing the street, and others queued waiting for the signal to change. The service measure is the average delay experienced by a pedestrian. Research indicates that the average delay of pedestrians at signalized intersection crossings is not constrained by capacity, even when pedestrian flow rates reach 5,000 p/h. The average delay per pedestrian for a crosswalk is given by Equation:

$\displaystyle d_p= \frac{0.5(C-g)^2}{C}$ (1)

Where, $ d_p$= average pedestrian delay (s), g = effective green time (for pedestrians) (s), and C= cycle length (s).
Table 1: LOS Criteria For Pedestrians At Signalized Intersections
LOS Pedestrian Delay(s/p) Likelihood of
    Noncompliance
A $ <10$ Low
B $ \geq 10-20$  
C $ >20-30$ Moderate
D $ >30-40$  
E $ >40-60$ High
F $ >60$ Very high

Numerical example

Calculate time delay of pedestrian crossing at a signalized intersection operating on a two phase, 80.0-s cycle length, with 4.0-s change interval, and no pedestrian signals. Major street: Phase green time, Gd = 44.0 s; Crosswalk length, Ld = 14.0 m; Minor street: Crosswalk length, Lc = 8.5 m; Phase green time, Gc = 28.0 s;

Solution

dp =$ (c-g)^2$/2c, dp (major) = (80.0 - 28.0)* (80.0 - 28.0)/2(80), = 16.9 s (i.e. LOS B using above table), dp (minor) = (80.0 - 44.0)* (80.0 - 44.0)/2(80) = 8.1 s (i.e. LOS A using above table).