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- Pedestrian speed is the average pedestrian walking speed,
generally expressed in units of meters per second.
- Pedestrian flow rate is the number of pedestrians passing a
point per unit of time, expressed as pedestrians per 15 min or pedestrians per
minute.
Point refers to a line of sight across the width of a walkway perpendicular to
the pedestrian path.
- Pedestrian flow per unit of width is the average flow of
pedestrians per unit of effective walkway width, expressed as pedestrians per
minute per meter (p/min/m).
Pedestrian density is the average number of pedestrians per unit of area within
a walkway or queuing area, expressed as pedestrians per square meter (p/m2).
- Pedestrian space is the average area provided for each pedestrian
in a walkway or queuing area, expressed in terms of square meters per
pedestrian.
This is the inverse of density, and is often a more practical unit for analyzing
pedestrian facilities.
- Platoon refers to a number of pedestrians walking together in a
group, usually involuntarily, as a result of signal control and other factors.
Before deciding on the appropriate extent and standard of pedestrian facilities,
it is important to assess the potential demand.
The possible methods of obtaining such estimates are manual count, video survey,
and attitude survey described as follows.
Count the flow of pedestrian through a junction, across
a road, or along a road section/footway manually using manual clicker and
tally marking sheet.
Manual counts need to satisfy the following conditions.
- The time period(s) in the day over which the counts are undertaken must
coincide with the peak times of the activity of study.
- The day(s) of the week and month(s) of the year when observations are made
must be representative of the demand.
School holidays, early closing, and special events should be avoided since they
can result in non-typical conditions.
- The survey locations need to be carefully selected in order to ensure that
the total existing demand is observed.
Advantages of this manual counting are that these are simple to set up and carry
out, and flexible to response observed changes in demand on site and
disadvantages are that these are labour intensive also simple information can be
achieved and not detailed information.
Cameras are setup at the selected sites and video
recording taken of the pedestrians during the selected observation periods.
A suitable vantage point for the camera is important.
Such survey produces a permanent record of pedestrian movement and their
interaction with vehicles.
In it the record of behavior pattern is also obtained which helps in analyzing
the crossing difficulties.
Detailed questionnaire requires enabling complete
information about pedestrian's origins and destination points, also can gather
information on what new facilities, or improvements to existing facilities, need
to be provided to divert trips to walking, or increase the current pedestrian
activities.
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