Lastly, Austin proclaimed that all utterances are special kind of act come under "speech act". Both sorts of statement; constative and performative are species of speech act. Hence, all syllables become products of intentions, and therefore will be considered as "speech act".
"Speech act" embraces a family5, which has three components. These are;
- Locutionary acts.
- Illocutionary acts.
- Perlocutionary acts.
These three acts noticed when we utter the expressions in our language.
- An act of uttering a sentence of having sense and reference is called locutionary act. For example, "He told me not to elope with Miss Jaclina".
- Phonetic act – uttering certain syllables.
- Phatic act – syllable of certain types conforming the grammars of a language. It implies uttering a correct grammatical sentence of a language.
- Rhetic act – using vocables of a grammatical sentence with more or less definite sense and reference. In this case, each constituent word contributes to convey a particular sense of a sentence and thereby helps to determine the reference of a sentence.
- Illocutionary act are those, where we find the act of saying, or asking, giving an order, promising something, and so on. More succinctly, it is an act performed in saying something. For example, "I advise you to do the office works properly".
- Perlocutionary act is to persuade someone to do something. In this case, listeners come up with some effects. It is neither locutionary nor illocutionary act. For example, in uttering "shoot her", he persuaded me to shoot her.
"Locutionary act" consists of three acts.6 These are;
| 5 | Ibid, Please see page nos. 101, 106,122,124, 126, 128, 131, 148 among others. |
| 6 | Ibid, Please see page nos. 92, 95, 96, 97 among others. |