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Gradient is the rate of rise or fall along the length of the road with respect
to the horizontal.
While aligning a highway, the gradient is decided for designing the vertical curve.
Before finalizing the gradients, the construction cost, vehicular operation
cost and the practical problems in the site also has to be considered.
Usually steep gradients are avoided as far as possible because of the
difficulty to climb and increase in the construction cost.
More about gradients are discussed below.
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