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Traffic signals are one of the most effective and flexible active control of
traffic and is widely used in several cities world wide.
The conflicts arising from movements of traffic in different directions is
addressed by time sharing principle.
The advantages of traffic signal includes an orderly movement of traffic, an
increased capacity of the intersection and requires only simple geometric
design.
However, the disadvantages of the signalized intersection are large
stopped delays, and complexity in the design and implementation.
Although the overall delay may be lesser than a rotary for a high volume, a
user may experience relatively high stopped delay.
This chapter discuss various design principles of traffic signal such as phase
design, cycle length design, and green splitting.
The concept of saturation flow, capacity, and lost times are also presented.
First, some definitions and notations are given followed by various steps in
design starting from phase design.
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