II. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words and terminology.
1. ------- can be used to quickly estimate the concentration and purity of DNA and RNA.
2. Proteins exhibit two absorbance peaks, one between ---------due to peptide bonds absorption and another at about -------.
3. ----------- is the phenomenon of increment of absorbance when any material is exposed to UV light.
4. The IUPAC name for EtBr is -----------------.
5. -------- invented a process Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) using the thermo-stable ------.
6. ------------------should be about 3-5 °C below the Tm of the primers.
7. Polymerase enzymes initiate the replication from -------- of the primer towards the ------ of it.
8. In reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), first a --------- (template) is reverse transcribed into its ------------- using reverse transcriptase, and subsequently cDNA is amplified using PCR.
9. When the DNA is getting amplified logarithmically at each cycle, the amount of fluorescence ------------- over the basal level.
10. Thermal cycle at which the signal exceeds the fluorescence detection threshold is known as the ------------- (CT ) or crossing point.
11. Southern blot was the first blotting technique named after its pioneer------
12. Northern blotting was developed by ---------------.
13. ------------- consists of either chemically synthesized nucleic acids or modified oligonucleotides with known sequence.
14. --------- consists of template nucleic acid molecules with which probes will hybridize and form complex and heterogeneous mixture.
15. Oligonucleotides are usually end-labeled using ----------------.
16. Isotopes generally used for labeling nucleotides are -----------.
17. --------- is a steroidal glycoside obtained from the plant Digitalis t.
18. ------------- of chemicals such as ethidium bromide and proflavine allows them to insert between stacked bases in -----------.
19. ------- are DNA elements which have ability to move from one region to another region in the genome.