Questions:

1. What is signal amplification?
2. What is Signal transduction? Explain diagrammatically.
3. Which are the possible factors which influence signal amplification?
4. How second messenger take part in the signal amplification pathway?

 

References:

1. Karp, G. Cell and molecular biology: concept and experiment. 6^th edition, chapter-15: Cell Signaling and Signal Transduction: Communication Between Cells
2. http://www.biochem.mpg.de/en/eg/oesterhelt/web_page_list/ShortDesc_ST_cascade/index.html
3. http://bcs.whfreeman.com/thelifewire/content/chp15/15020.html
4. Siso-Nadal, F., Fox, J.J., Laporte, S. A., Hebert, T. E., Swain, P.S. Cross-Talk between Signaling Pathways Can Generate Robust Oscillations in Calcium and cAMP. PLoS ONE, 2009, 4,
5. Stryer. Biochemistry, 5^th edition.