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In the present lecture, you have been introduced to adsorption isotherms and instrumental methods to characterise surface areas and structures. The Langmuir’s isotherm and the BET (after Brunauer, Emmett and Teller) equation were used to calculate the surface areas of adsorbents from the adsorption data. We distinguished between the spectroscopic methods and microscopic methods for studying surface structures.
X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES) and Low Energy Electron Diffraction (LEED) methods were analysed and their use in characterizing surface structures was outlined. In the last section, the use of microscopic methods of characterization such as Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM) to analyse surface structures of materials was presented. |
