Module 5 : Science in Colonial and Post-colonial India

Lecture 29 : Organization of Scientific Research in Postcolonial India

 

Country

Current Prices

Australia

1795.2

(1981)

1918.6

(1985)

2176.5

(1986)

2483.1

(1987)

3271.2

(1988)

3972

(1990)

4750.2

(1992)

5351.7

(1994)

Canada

4783.9

(1985)

8244.2

(1990)

8000

(1991)

8510

(1992)

8795.8

(1994)

9005.8

(1995)

9211.1

(1996)

10136.6

(1999)

Japan

27126

(1981)

30233.6

(1983)

37269.6

(1985)

68007.7

(1987)

82930.7

(1988)

102231

(1991)

109248.8

(1998)

Not estimated henceforth

Germany

16970

(1981)

16652.2

(1983)

16820.3

(1985)

31853.6

(1987)

33974

(1989)

46413.2

(1993)

Not estimated henceforth

Not estimated henceforth

France

11494.4

(1981)

11788.2

(1985)

16352.9

(1986)

20190.3

(1987)

21929

(1988)

28907

(1991)

31621.6

(1994)

Not estimated henceforth

UK

11890

(1981)

9974.2

(1983)

10165.8

(1985)

12870.8

(1986)

18873.5

(1989)

20998

(1991)

20733.1

(1993)

25711.9

(1998)

US

63810

(1980)

116796

(1985)

139255

(1988)

164493

(1992)

169100

(1994)

193206

(1996)

205742

(1997)

244143

(1999)

India

1596.7

(1984)

1979.1

(1986)

2405.2

(1988)

2270.4

(1990)

1930.8

(1992)

2172.4

(1994)

2349.3

(1996)

3066.7*

(1998)

Israel

680.5

(1981)

800.7

(1982)

1005.4

(1983)

772.8

(1985)

1017.1

(1989)

1152.5

(1990)

1489.7

(1992)

1940.2

(1995)

Pakistan

250

(1982)

230.7

(1983)

273

(1984)

263.7

(1985)

315.3

(1986)

320.8

(1987)

Not estimated henceforth

Not estimated henceforth

Republic

of Korea

348.6

(1980)

1327.7

(1983)

1327.7

(1985)

4195.7

(1989)

4733.1

(1990)

5670.5

(1991)

6391

(1992)

9826.1

(1994)

Brazil

1150

(1978)

1459.1

(1982)

1168

(1983)

802.3

(1984)

869.4

(1985)

Not estimated henceforth

Not estimated henceforth

Not estimated henceforth

Nigeria

183

(1983)

129.9

(1984)

92.8

(1985)

45.8

(1986)

21.5

(1987)

Not estimated henceforth

Not estimated henceforth

Not estimated henceforth

Philippines

82.9

(1980)

46.3

(1983)

36.7

(1984)

75.4

(1989)

68.1

(1990)

71.6

(1991)

115.3

(1992)

Not estimated henceforth