Table No. 4

Classification of Universities on the basis of Region

Region	Number of Central Universities	Number of Deemed Universities	Total Number of Central and Deemed Universities
North	7	27	34
East	1	5	6
West	1	14	15
South	3	20	23
North-East	6	1	7
Total	18	67	85

Source: Directory to R&D in Sociology and Social Anthropology (2005)

In India, the universities and industry are in the process of changing their mind-sets to gain from the collaboration thus laying the foundations of a new culture – shared values, shared research priorities and mutually acceptable norms regarding credit sharing. With a relatively large industrial base, a large stock of human resources in S&T built over the last fifty years, as mentioned above, one sees the changing R&D culture in India. The acquisition of technological capabilities has laid foundations for basic research in various industries. It should be added here that the process patent regime was an enabling institutional management that helped in making the industries achieve this. The public R&D institutions achieved successes in agriculture through the Green Revolution, Space Research and Nuclear Research. Some of the innovations occurred in the face of embargoes on technology transfer imposed by the developed countries. Networking of public sector R&D institutions and in some cases with industry resulted in innovations, which has become the hallmark of the Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) regime since mid-1990s. The transition of scientific research from being a public resource to intellectual property will be discussed in the last module.