Source: 1. Statistical Yearbook, UNESCO (2002).

2. Data Book (March 2004), New Delhi: Department of Science and Technology, Government of India

3. World Science Report 1998, UNESCO.

4. Science and Engineering Indicators, National Science Foundation.

Note: 1. Figures in brackets indicate year.

2. * The data relate to the financial year 1998-99. Source for exchange rate is Economic Survey, 2000-01.

3. Canada – data do not include humanities and social sciences; from 1975, these are only excluded from the productive sector (integrated R&D).

4. Japan – not including data humanities and social sciences in the productive sector (integrated R&D).

5. Germany – data prior to 1991 refer to FRG. For 1985 and 1987, total expenditure includes respectively 470, 615, 330 and 664 million DM for which a distribution between current and capital expenditure is not available.

Not including humanities and social sciences in the productive sector.

6. UK – for 1981, 1985 and 1989, data do not include funds for R&D performed abroad.

Not including data for humanities and social sciences, except for 1989.

7. US – not including data for law, humanities and education. Total expenditure does not include capital expenditure in the productive sector. In 1980, capital expenditure for R&D in private non-profit organizations is excluded.

8. Republic of Korea – not including Military and Defense R&D. Data for 1980 exclude law, humanities and education; from 1981, not including humanities and social sciences.

9. Brazil – not including private productive enterprises.