There is need for a favorable environment, which is conducive for the growth of the scientific spirit and scientific temperament. It should liberate the mind from magic, dogmatism and superstitions, from fear and uncertainty. In the West, Science and

Philosophy originated in Greece and it was in Greece that the non magical character of scientific and religious pursuits was given due recognition as it is evident from the following observations:' …before Greece all religion was magical. Magic was of supreme importance.' ²⁴ '…the human mind played no part at all in the whole business. It was enslaved by fear. A magical universe was mystifying because it was so irrational and therefore, completely incalculable. There was no dependable relationship between cause and effect.' ²⁵ The liberating force of free enquiry paved way for individual's emancipation from complete dependence on the group as it encouraged personal and rational approach to matters concerning religion .During the Iron Age, Greek philosophy had this liberating effect as this was speculation of free individuals, mostly craftsmen, who were emancipated from complete dependence on the group by iron tools and coined money. There the craftsmen carried the banner of liberty. So, science, in its major and significant form came into existence only when men had tested a sense of what Matthew Arnold called ‘intellectual deliverance'.

In India, the Upanishads carried the liberating light of the Iron Age at a time when during the later period of priest centered orthodoxy, the theology of the Vedas failed to carry the true spirit of religion from superstition to wisdom, from an apology to magic into an ideal representation of moral goods. As Gordon Childe observes:' what was really distinctive in Greek speculation was that the philosophy appealed again and again not to the wisdom of the ancients or divine revelations, but to facts of common experience, and the people of the crafts. Their Hindu contemporaries were hampered by inheriting from the Bronze Age the sacred hymns of the Veda and ritual manuals verbally remembered.' ²⁶

It was the time when the priests of religion aimed at magically controlling the deity, when religion became a matter of skill and technique rather than prayer of devout hearts. To quote D.P.Chattopadhya,:'…the remarkable similarity between Lokayata and the deeper stratum of the Vedic outlook.'²⁷ How do these texts (the Brahmanas) look at Yajna ?As magic or essentially magical.' ²⁸

References
²⁴. 'Edith Hamilton. The Greek way to Western Civilization.) New York, American  Library, 1954) p.211.
²⁵.ibid.
²⁶. G.Childe.'What Happened in History.'(Hermondswak.Penguine Books.1964.)p.215-216.
²⁷. D.P.Chattopadhyaya,Lokayata.p.664.(Peoples Publication, New Delhi.1960). . p.664.
²⁸. D.P.Chattopadhyaya.Indian Philosophy. (Peoples Publication, New Delhi.1964).