Technological analysis and metaphysics are undoubtedly important, both in pre-Socratic philosophy and in Hippocratic medicine, as a means of conveying the idea that nature in general, and particular natural phenomena or processes, are regular and orderly. ³¹This quest for truth was inspired not by technological development in Greece to match scientific thinking but socio political developments associated with the rise of the city state. To quote Lloyd”, but whereas Homeric society –as described in the Iliad and Odyssey at least operates without any strictly formalized legal, let alone constitutional, framework, the period from the 7 th to the 4 th century is one of unprecedented activity, throughout the Greek world, in the formation, discussion, revision, and at times, overthrow of legal and constitutional codes″³² Aristotle observed:' Being masters of the vote, the people became masters of the constitution' ³³ .

So a democratic set up in city states like Athens remained favorable to the growth and development of critical spirit of the citizens while in oligarchic cities like Sparta not all but those citizens who had equal (full) political rights could take part in deliberations.

This had impact in development of scientific temperament and a critical questioning spirit among the masses:″ The notion that the world-whole is a cosmos, that natural phenomena are regular and subject to orderly and determinate sequences of causes and effects, is expressed partly by means of images and analogies from the legal and political domain.″³⁴ In the political sphere, and even outside it, proposals and ideas were not accepted simply or even primarily on the say-so of some particular individual relying on his personal prestige or authority.

Beginning with the Upanishadic background, the Buddha altered the scheme of it in certain important respects. The Upanishadic tradition continued to remain a liberating force with its free and critical enquiry favoring spiritual dimension over and above the material form of religions some of which is reflected in the teachings of the Buddha and of the Gita but the Buddha played a much more significant role in this direction. While the Upanishads were accommodated in the orthodox Brahmanic tradition, Buddha combined Upanishadic heritage with the basic teachings of the heterodox tradition, which could not be harmonized with orthodoxy. Taking for granted the context of the greater Indian civilization, the Buddha played the role of re-formulator of the ancient tradition.

REFERNCES
³².ibid.
³³.quoted in ibid. p.236
³⁴. . ibid. p. 247