Science

Technology

1962* Existance of restriction endonucleases in bacteria demonstrated - Arber, Smith, Nathans

Biological tools such as plasmids, other cloning vectors; restriction endo-nucleases, ligases, and polymerases; hosts for cloned genetic information; etc.

1966* Genetic code completely elucidated- M. Nirenberg, H. G, Khorana and Holley

1970 First restriciton endonuclease isolated

1972*

First recombinant DNA molecules produced in vitro - P. Berg

1973 DNA inserted into plasmid vector and transferred to host E. coli - H. Boyer and S. Cohen

1974 World moratorium of some types of recombinant DNA experiments

1975 Southern blotting methond discovered for detecting specific DNA sequences

1976 NIH prepares first guidelines for physical and biological containment

1977* Determined base sequences of DNA - W. Gilbert, F. Sanger
Introns discovered - Sharp and Roberts

First biotech firm established - Genentech

1978

Human insulin cloned in lab - Genentech, licensed to Eli Lilly

Green, Karen (2006) "Parity and Procedural Justice," Essays in Philosophy : Vol. 7: Iss. 1, Article 4.

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