Science

Technology

1932

Electron microscope system; images produced - Bruche & Johnson, Knoll & Ruska

1935

Phase contrast on a microphone - F. Zernike

E-microscope resolution exceeded light microscope

1939-45

Improvements, production of E-mircroscope

1940

Rapid increase in artificial insemination of cattle

1944 Evidence that DNA is genetic material - Avery, McLeod, McCarthy

More lab instruments necessary for genetic engineering were developed and improved over time:

1953* Structure of DNA discovered: the double helix - J. Watson, F. Crick, R. Franklin, M. Wilkins

Spectrophotometer, UV and visable light

1957 DNA polymerase I discovered - Kornbe

UV transilluminator

1958 Mode of DNA replication demonstrated

Pipettes, micropipettes

1960 mRNA and role in encoding information for amino acids discovered

Electrophoresis apparatus

Green, Karen (2006) "Parity and Procedural Justice," Essays in Philosophy : Vol. 7: Iss. 1, Article 4.

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