3. Why are refinery process flow sheets very complex?

Ans: Well, large refineries involve the production of about 30 to 40 refinery products with diverse specifications and needs of the consumers.  And necessarily all these products are derived from the crude oil in a complex way.  Due to complicated physical and chemical processes that are sequentially applied for various refinery process streams, refinery process flow sheets are very complex.

4. How to analyze refinery process flow sheets in a simple way?

Ans: Identify

This way refinery technology will be easy to understand with maturity.

5. Relate the important crude oil cuts and associated products?

Ans:
(a) Gases
               i. Fuel gas
               ii. LPG
(b) Naphtha
               i. Gasoline
               ii. Jet fuel
(c) Kerosene
               i. Jet fuel
               ii. Kerosene
(d) Light gas oil
               i. Auto Diesel
               ii. Tractor Diesel
               iii. Home heating oil
(e) Heavy gas oil
               i. Commercial heating oil
               ii. Industrial heating oil
               iii. Lubricants
(f) Residues
               i. Bunker oil
               ii. Asphalt
               iii. Coke

 

References:

1. 1. Gary J.H. ,   Handwerk G.E., Petroleum Refining: Technology and Economics, Taylor & Francis, 2005

2. Jones D.S.J., Elements of Petroleum Processing, John Wiley & Sons, 1995