4. Oxidative addition

In this reaction a compound XY adds to a metal complex during which the XY bond is broken and two new bonds MX and MY are formed

5. Reductive elimination

It is reverse reaction of oxidative addition

6. Cycloaddition reaction involving metal

In presence of multivalence metal, alkene/alkynes forms metallacyclic compound.

7. Activation of substrate toward nucleophilic attack

Co-ordination of alkene to electronegative metal (may carry a positive charge), activates the alkene toward attack of nucleophiles.

Text reference

• Piet W.N.M. van Leeuwen, Homogeneous catalysis: Understanding the Art, Springer, 2004
• Piet W.N.M. van Leeuwen, and John C. Chadwick, Homogeneous catalysis: Activity-stability –deactivation, Wiley, VCH, 2011
• B. Cornils and W.A. Hermann (Ed.), Applied homogeneous catalysis with organometallic compounds, Wiley-VCH, 2000
• H. Bartholomew and R. J. Farrauto, Fundamentals of Industrial catalytic Processes , Wiley, VCH, 2006