• In module 5, the electrical characterization techniques such as two-probe and four-probe techniques, Hall effect, change in electrical resistivity under the presence of magnetic field (magnetoresistance) and impedance spectroscopy would be discussed in four lectures.

• Similarly, the field and temperature dependent magnetic properties of the materials are characterized using various magnetic characterization techniques such as vibrating coil magnetometer, Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM), magnetic property measurement system with Superconducting Quantum Interference Device (SQUID) magnetometer in module 6. This module also covers other sophisticated techniques such as Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) techniques. All the magnetic characterization techniques would be covered in nine lectures.

• Module 7 concentrates on the optical properties characterization using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Optical Spectroscopy, Raman and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) in four lectures.

Quiz 1:

(Q1.1). Why do you need characterization of materials at all?

(Q1.2) Is it possible to optimize the device properties without characterization?

(Q1.3). How does the characterization of materials play an important role to design the process of fabricating materials?

(Q1.4). Can one characterize the structural properties of the materials using a single technique? Summarize the difficulties point wise!