• As the structural properties change with the fabrication process, the optimization of fabrication process with respect to different environments and characterization of materials forms crucial and vital aspects of materials research as shown in Figure 1.01.

• Furthermore, to design the scientific process of fabricating materials (as demonstrated in Figure 1.02) and to meet the needs of the modern technology, understanding of various mutually interacting processes, mechanisms and materials using sophisticated instruments with an interdisciplinary approach is very much essential.

Figure 1.02: Schematic of the scientific process of fabricating materials.