4. Digital to Analog Converters

As discussed in previous section DACs are used to convert digital signals into Analog Signals. There are various techniques of converting Digital Signals into Analog signals which are as follows however we will be discussing only few important techniques in detail:

1. Pulse-width modulator
2. Oversampling DACs or interpolating DACs
3. The binary-weighted DAC
4. Switched resistor DAC
5. Switched current source DAC
6. Switched capacitor DAC
7. The R-2R ladder
8. The Successive-Approximation or Cyclic DAC,
9. The thermometer-coded DAC

4.1 Binary Weighted DAC

Figure 2.8.3 Circuit of binary weighted DAC

Figure 2.8.4 An op-amp used in DAC