Only a few organisations are involved in patenting activity in the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO). The Indian Patenting Activity in International and Domestic Patent System: Contemporary Scenario (2005), a report by the National Institute of Science, Technology and Development Studies (NISTADS), New Delhi mentions that 93 entities are granted patents during the period, 1990-2002. In comparison to other entities, industry is most predominant. Overall, 73 firms are involved in patenting activity. Among other organisational types involved in patenting activity, 10 are research institutes, seven universities and two are from ministries/departments (non-scientific ministries) and one specialised research institute. Table 3.4 illustrates the number of distinct organisations entering in each period. The increase in the number of new organisations that are involved in patenting activity in the current period (1999-2002) is highlighted in Table 3.

Table 3 Organisations in India involved in Patenting Activity during the Pre/Post-WTO and the Current Period

Period	Research	Industry	University	Special Institute	Other Ministries/ Departments
1990-94	2	11	1	--	--
1995-98	3	21	1	--	1
1999-2002	8	52	5	1	1