It is generally held that there may be three positions in scholarship and policy-making regarding globalization. The proponents of hyperglobalization believe in the incessant march of globalization, that there is now an inevitable globalizing imperative and impending end of nation states. The approach known as transformationalism sees nation states as irrevocably affected or changed by globalization though it does not hold that nation states are dwindling. For the skeptics nation states will always retain their power and discrete identities.