In equation 1, the first term refers to rolling resistance (F_r), the second term is the aerodynamic drag (F_w), the third term is the grading resistance (F_g) and the last term is the acceleration resistance (F_a). Hence, the equation 1 can be written as

(2)

The sizing of the components of HEVs and EVs is usually done in terms of power. The power can be determined from equation 2 as

where

(3)

In the following sections the analysis of the some of the drive cycles (marked in bold and italicized) using the dynamic equations is done. The parameters of the vehicle that are used for the analysis are given in Table 1 .

Table 1: Parameters of the test vehicle

New York City Cycle (NYCC)

The New York City Cycle (NYCC) is a standard test drive cycle for the city traffic as is shown in Figure 2 .

The NYCC is an aggregate of representative urban stop–go driving and its parameters are shown in Table 2.

Table 2: Parameters of NYCC