Field techniques with TS: Various field operations in TS are in the form of wide variety of programs integrated with microprocessor and implemented with the help of data collector. All these programs need that the instrument station and at least one reference station be identified so that all subsequent stations can be identified in terms of (X, Y, Z). Typical programs include the following functions:

• Point location
• Slope reduction
• Missing line measurement (MLM)
• Resection
• Azimuth calculation
• Remote distance and elevation measurement
• Offset measurements
• Layout or setting out operation
• Area computation
• Tracking
• Stakeout

For details on above functions, one can refer to the user manual of any TS.