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Counterfort retaining wall |
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When the height of the cantilever retaining wall is more than about 7m, it is economical to provide vertical bracing system known as counter forts. In this case, both base slab and face of wall span horizontally between the counter forts. |
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Fig. 6.5 Counter fort retaining wall |
| 3. |
Flexible walls: there are two classes of flexible walls. |
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Sheet pile walls and |
B. |
Diaphragm wall |
| A. |
Sheet Pile Walls |
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Sheet piles are generally made of steel or timber. The use of timber piles is generally limited to temporary sdtructures in which the depth of driving does not exceed 3m. for permanent structures and for depth of driving greater than 3m, steel piles are most suitable. Moreover, steel iles are relatively water tight and can be extracted if required and reused. However, the cost of sheet steel piles is generally more than that of timber piles. Reinforced cement concrete piles are generally used when these are to be jetted into fine sand or driven in very soft soils, such as peat. For tougher soils , the concrete piles generally break off. Based on its structural form and loading system, sheet pile walls can be classified into 2 types:(i)Cantilever Sheet Piles and(ii)Anchored Sheet Piles |
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