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The transfer of a vehicle from one lane to next adjacent lane is defined as
lane change.
Lane changing has a significant impact on traffic flow.
Lane changing models are therefore an important component in microscopic
traffic simulators, which are increasingly the tool of choice for a wide range
of traffic-related applications at the operational level.
Modeling the behaviour of a vehicle within its present lane is relatively
straightforward, as the only considerations of any importance are the speed and
location of the preceding vehicle.
Lane changing, however, is more complex, because the decision to change lanes
depends on a number of objectives, and at times these may conflict.
Gap acceptance models are used to model the execution of lane-changes.
The available gaps are compared to the smallest acceptable gap (critical gap)
and a lane-change is executed if the available gaps are greater.
Gaps may be defined either in terms of time gap or free space.
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