Module 5 : Modern Characterization of materials

Lecture 36: X- Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS)

X-Rays on the Surface

• The X-Rays will penetrate to the core e- of the atoms in the sample.

• Some e-s are going to be released without any problem giving the Kinetic Energies (KE) characteristic of their elements.

• Other e-s will come from inner layers and collide with other e-s of upper layers

• These e- will be lower in lower energy.

• They will contribute to the noise signal of the spectrum.