It is clear from the figure 34.04 that the effect of soft magnetic FeTaC bottom layer did not influence the properties of FePt layer in the measurement of Kerr effect and hence the hard magnetic properties of FePt film could be measured using Kerr effect set up despite having multilayer films with different magnetic natures.

We have so far discussed the possible characterization of magnetic properties of the materials using vector instruments.

Now we shall move ahead with scalar instruments. As briefed in lecture 28, the scalar magnetometers measure the magnitude of the magnetic field ONLY as their operating principle depends on electron or proton resonance phenomena.

There are two major scalar instruments that measure the magnitude of the magnetic-field based on the electron or proton resonance phenomena:

(a) Nuclear Magnetic Resonance

(b) Electron Spin Resonance or Electron Paramagnetic Resonance

Before we proceed with these techniques, we shall briefly cover the basics of the spectroscopy techniques.