Summary

We looked at the frequency dependence of all three polarization mechanisms. For electronic and ionic polarizations, we described charges as linear harmonic oscillators and solved the equation of motion in an alternating field. We see that for both these mechanisms, there is a characteristics frequency, ω₀, where resonance occurs and the loss is maximum. These mechanisms contribute only when the applied frequency is lower than this characteristic frequency. On the other hand, the scenario for dipolar polarization is depicted by Debye relaxation where inflection in the dielectric constant occurs a frequency ω = 1/τ which is accompanied by a maxima in ε. This maxima is also a function of temperature in many dielectric ceramics.

Next, we will see the circuit representation of dielectric materials which is very important for their characterization and understanding of various phenomenon.