Klein's bottle:

Let $ Y = \mathbb{R}^2$ and $ G$ be the group generated by the affine maps $ T$ and $ S$ given by

$\displaystyle T(x, y) = (x + 1, y),\quad S(x, y) = (1-x, y+1).
$

Note that $ T$ and $ S$ are isometies and the group generated by these acts properly discontinuously on $ \mathbb{R}^2$. The orbit space is the Klein's bottle $ K$. Thus $ \pi_1(K) = G$. Now

$\displaystyle TS(x, y) = (2-x, y+1), \quad
ST(x, y) = (-x, y+1)
$

The fundamental group of the Klein's bottle is non-abelian. Note that $ TST = S.$ There are no other independent relations and the fundamental group of the Klein's bottle is the group on two generators $ T$ and $ S$ with one relation $ TST = S$. Summarizing we have

nisha 2012-03-20