Module 10 : DONALD DAVIDSON

Presentation - 29

 

Davidson's entire project on truth theory is based on two fundamental objectives.

First: Constructing a theory of truth which will be applicable to natural languages based on the Tarskian model of convention-T.

Second: Constructing a theory of meaning and interpretation for natural languages modeled on the theory of truth constructed at the first stage.

These two objectives summarize the Davidsonean approach to meaning, i.e., how meaning works holistically in a language.

The prior analysis signifies that the theory of truth and the theory of meaning are interdependent and therefore we can claim that the theory of meaning for a language is essentially involved with the theory of truth. In this perspective, Davidson claims that there can be T-sentences available for natural languages if it satisfies the indexical principle, i.e., time, and place. For example, the T-sentence for a sentence, such as;

"I am hungry".

It will be,

(T) 'I am hungry' is true spoken by P at time t if and only if P is hungry at time t. In this manner, T-sentences are available in relation to a particular speaker and time. The task of convention-T as stated earlier is to give an account of the meaning of a sentence and the truth conditions of a sentence. For him, the determination of the meaning of a sentence and the truth-value of that sentence is so closely connected that one cannot be differentiated from the other. Thus, it is viewed that a truth theory while explaining truth also explains meaning. The knowledge of truth conditions may be thus characterized as the knowledge of the semantic conditions of truth. This essentially involves knowing what it is for a sentence to be true which implies understanding the language.

It has been stated earlier that there cannot be any understanding of the language without understanding the meaning. Since the theory of truth is essentially related to the theory of meaning on this ground that the theory of truth is related to the theory of understanding, an equation is thus established between meaning, truth and understanding. In this respect, Davidson's idea of truth theory being empirically significant expresses truth theory's commitment to meaning. As he says, for a truth theory to be empirically significant, all the T-sentences of it must be supported by linguistic evidences.

With respect to the second objective he states that theory of interpretation plays a vital role for understanding the meaning of a proposition. On his view, to determine the meaning of a proposition is to interpret the proposition in various possible ways. Hence, his submission is that a theory of meaning must be regarded as a theory of interpretation.