In the write-back protocol, multiple copies of a cache block may exist if different processors have loaded (read) the block into their caches.
If some processor wants to change this block, it must first become an exclusive owner of this block.
When the ownership is granted to this processor by the memory module that is the home location of the block. all other copies, including the one in the memory module, are invalidated.
Now the owner of the block may change the contents of the memory.