5.3 Carbon-Nitrogen Bond Formation
5.3.1 Nitration
The most common method used for bonding nitrogen to aromatic system is nitration. This is because a variety of nitration conditions are available. The most frequently used methods for nitration follow:
- • A mixture of concentrated nitric acid and concentrated sulfuric acid.
• Fuming nitric acid in acetic anhdyride
• Nitric acid in glacial acetic acid.
5.3.2 Nitrozation
Sodium nitrite with strong acids such as sulfuric acid gives nitrosonium ion which undergoes reaction with aromatic compounds. The reaction is limited with the reactive nuclei of phenols and tertiary aromatic amines.
Baudisch Reaction
It involves the combination of hydroxylamine, hydrogen peroxide and copper(II) salt for the nitrozation of phenol derivatives.
Example:
