·        

23.2 Genes associated with cancer can be classified into three categories

•  Genes that induce cellular proliferation includes

1. Growth factors: Fibroblast growth factor (FGF), Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) etc.

2. Growth factor receptors: fms - Receptor for colony stimulating factor 1 (CSF-1) erbB - Receptor of EGF neu - Protein (HER-2) related to EGFR erbA - Receptor for thyroid hormone.

3. Signal transducers: Src (sarcoma)-tyrosine kinase ,Abl (Abelson murine leukemia)-tyrosine kinase, Ras (rat sarcoma)-GTP –binding protein.

4.  Transcription factors : Jun- Component of transcription factor AP-1, Fos- (Finkel–Biskis–Jinkins murine osteogenic sarcoma virus), Myc- (myelocytomatosis)

 

•  Genes that suppresses tumor and inhibits cell proliferation includes

Rb : Suppressor of retinoblastoma

p53 : Tumor suppressor and DNA repair

APC : suppressor of adenomatous polyps

NF1 : suppressor of neurofibromatosis

WT1 : Suppressor of Wilm's tumor

 

•  Gene involved in regulating programmed cell death includes Bcl-2 (B cell lymphoma-2) suppressor of apoptosis