(C) Creeping Stems: These are stems runs along the soil and give rise to new plants. It has 3 different variants:

(i) Runners: These are creepers which produces adventious root at each nodes. Each node give rise to aerial shoot which becomes a new plant. Ex. Cynodon, Oxalis, Centella etc.

(ii) Stolons: These are arched runner which cross over small obstacles and develop small plantlets at their nodes. Ex. Fragaria, Vallisneria etc.

(iii) Offsets: These are internode long runners which develop tuft of leaves at the apex. Ex. Pistia.

(D) Aerial Stems: The aerial stems develops new plant when they break and segment fall on the soil. Ex. Cactus.

(E) Leaves: Some plant develop adventitious buds on their leaves and these leaves buds off and give rise to new plants (Figure 19.3). For ex. Bryophyllum, developes several small planets with root on the margin of leaves (Figure 19.3). In few cases, develops bud when get injured and placed on the moist soil. Ex. Kalanchoe, Begonia, Streptocarpus etc.  

 

Figure 19.3: Vegetative reproducing by leaves.