Man made environment

Man has made many contributions to environment. These are earlier results of our scientific and development strategies. In this section, we discuss about dams, environmental health issues, habitat, people and environment, parks, pollution and traffic issues and more.

Man Made Environment comprises of the environment, which has been created by man himself for the purpose of full- filling his needs and in order to make his life more convenient and easy.

Effect of man-made environment on human behavior:
The most historic example of a man made disaster would include the technological disasters such as the Three Mile Island (1979), Chernobyl (1986), and Bhopal MIC Disaster (1984), etc., have intense and long-term adverse effects on the lives of people. In the Bhopal disaster the death toll was more than 3000 and over 2,00,000 were left physically injured. Studies indicate that such persons continue to suffer from psychological problems such as
a) Anxiety
b) Withdrawal Symptoms
c) Depression
d) Stress
e) Anger
f) Nightmares

Effects of air pollution: air pollution leads to various physiological problems such as reduced visibility, eye irritation, headache, nausea, insomnia and various respiratory and related diseases. Along with which it is seen that psychological problems are on the rise during periods of high level of air pollution. For e.g.
1) There are more emergency visits to the specialists for depression on days, which are viewed by individuals as cloudy and humid.
2) Along with particulate and poisonous substances, odour is also involved in our response to impure air. In general, bad smell evokes negative feelings and thus an environment, in contrast, which has pleasant smell, works in the opposite way leading to positive and friendly behavior.

Effect of noise pollution on human behaviour:

Noise may be defined as unwanted sound or sounds that create a negative effect on human beings. Following are the adverse psychological and physiological effects noise has on human beings:
1) Leads to high levels of stress.
2) Leads to high levels of arousal.
3) Narrowing of attention.
4) Reduction in reading comprehension.
5) Performance decrement in general

Thus one can conclude that a peaceful and quiet environment is essential not only for work settings but also for the over all well being of an individual.

DAMS : Dams and People, environmental Experience; Resettlement issues; Rehabilitation Policy; Alternatives to Big Dams; Potential Capacity; Emerging Problems; Increasing Water Logging, The Tehri Dam are some of the issues important from the point of view of ecology and environment.

* Click here to know more about dams as a man made issue.

These have impact on the health of people too. Man-Environment Relationships, life Support; Residues and Wastes, Environmental Hazards impact people. Impacts are also experienced in Biological; Chemical; Physical; Sociological and Psychological Principles. This calls for Environmental Control; Isolation; Substitution; Treatment and Prevention; Environmental Health Problems in India.

HABITAT: Impact of poor environment results into many factors in habitat such as slums, garbage collection, road congestions and many such factors. However, with little effort better habitats could be created by training, developing values and mindsets on the one hand and legislations on the other.

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Other issues related to man made environment are Population and Environment, Women and Environment; Women and Natural Resources; Technology ,Drinking Water; Household Fuel; Head loaders; Women & Development.

* Click here to know more about women, environment and development

ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION AND ENVIRONMENT

Education and Formal Education Needs; Strategies at National, Regional and International Levels.

As discusses earlier the key Concepts of Environmental Management; Philosophical, Ethical and Technical Principles of Ethical Management; Characteristics of Environmental Management; Some Environment Management Approaches; Standard Setting; Economic Policies; Environmental Organization; Environmental Indicators; Information Exchange and Surveillance; Environmental Baseline, Reconnaissance and Impact and Studies; Environmental Education; Determinants of Priorities in the Framework of Environmental Management; Management of Environmental Education. Budgeting; Environmental Management Education and Environmental Management and International Security; Emerging Perceptions; Policy Options.

POLLUTION: WHAT, WHERE WHY?

Pollution could be of many types i.e. air pollution, water pollution, noise pollution etc. Air Pollution includes Factors Responsible for Air Pollution; Types and Sources of Air Pollution; Effects of Air Pollution on our Cultural Assets and Air Pollution Control; Water Pollution emphasized on Sources of Water Pollution; Tolerance Limit for Pollutants Present in Water. Soil Pollution., Food Pollution; Adulteration, Chemical Pollutants; Adulterants; Microbial Toxins; Natural Organic Toxicants etc Noise Pollution; Units of Noise Pollution Measurement; Measurement of Noise results from uncontrolled noise, the analysis is based on Acceptable Noise Standard; Effect of Noise Pollution on Human Health; Remedies of Noise Pollution.

ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT:

there are number of sources of energy making impact on the environment. Some of the non- conventional methods of energy sources are environment friendly. These are solar, wind, hydro and tidal energy. Others like thermal power stations and nuclear energy have negative environmental impact. Therefore there is a need to discuss the following issues. Fuel; Role of Fuels in Everyday Life; Classification of Fuels; Advantages of Liquid and Gaseous Fuels Over Solid Fuels; Wood; Charcoal is a better Fuel than Wood; Carbon Cycle; Fossil Fuels; Fluidized-bed Combustion; How Fossil Fuels were formed; Sun is the Ultimate Source of Fossil Fuels; Coal; Importance of Coal; Use of Coal; Origin of Oil; Petroleum; Occurrence of Petroleum; Petroleum Gas; The Use of LPG; Advantages of LPG; Advantages of Natural Gas; Pollution caused by Burning Fossil Fuels; Pollution caused by Burning Coal; Pollution caused by Burning Petroleum Based Fuels (Oil based Fuels) like Petrol; Animal Energy; Versatile Vehicles; Hydropower; Generation of Hydro-Electricity; Advantages of Hydro-Electricity; Limitations of Water Energy; Hydro Electricity Generation in India; Nuclear Energy; Support Facilities; IAEA-CN-36/385 Vienna and Sixth Fiver Year Plan (1980-85).

Use of Solar Energy for Electricity Production; Utilization of Solar Energy in India; Utilization of Solar Energy for Various Purposes; Biomass and Biogas; Uses of Biogas; Wind Energy; Utilization of Wind Energy in India; Uses of Wind-Energy; Limitations of Wind Energy; Energy from the Sea; Wave Energy; Tidal Energy; Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC); Geothermal Energy; Nuclear Energy.

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