Module 2 : Electrostatics
Lecture 6 : Quantization Of Charge
  Exercise 1
   Magnetic Monoples

Though the electric charge is always quantized, isolated magnetic charge (i.e. isolated magnetic north or south pole) has never been experimentally detected. Magnetic poles always appear in pairs, though there is no apparent reason for the same. This creates an assymmetry between the electric and magnetic phenomena and has remained a puzzle for the scientists. If magnetic monopoles are found, a similar quantization of their magnetic charge is predicted by physicists.

CONSERVATION OF CHARGE
  In any physical process involving charged particles, charge cannot be destroyed; it can only be transferred from one particle to another. No reaction has ever been found where the total charge of reactants is different from that of the products. If $Q_1$and $Q_2$are charges of two interacting bodies, which result in two products carrying charges $Q_1^\prime$and $Q_2^\prime$, then
 
\begin{displaymath}Q_1 + Q_2 = Q_1^\prime + Q_2^\prime\end{displaymath}
 

where the addition is algebraic. For instance, when an electron ( $e^-$), with charge $-\mid e\mid$and its anti-particle positron with charge $\mid e\mid$annihilate to produce two photons ( $\gamma$),

\begin{displaymath}e^+ + e^- = 2\gamma\end{displaymath}

it does not violate charge conservation because photon is charge neutral.

 

Exercise 2

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