• random nature of the generation mechanism
• limited understanding of the signal dynamics inherent imprecision in measurement, observation, etc.

For example, thermal noise appearing in an electronic device is generated due to random motion of electrons. We have deterministic model for weather prediction; it takes into account of the factors affecting weather. We can locally predict the temperature or the rainfall of a place on the basis of previous data. Probabilistic models are established from observation of a random phenomenon. While probability is concerned with analysis of a random phenomenon, statistics help in building such models from data.