Temperature dependent electrical properties:

Recently, extensive research works have been carried out on electrical resistivity and Hall effect under zero field and applied field conditions.

As the temperature plays a major role on the conduction of electron and magnetic state of the materials, temperature dependent properties are carried out.

In order to measure the properties as a function of temperature, a suitable cryostat system for low temperature measurements and heating stage facilities for high temperature measurements either under inert gas atmosphere or under controlled gas atmosphere is required. Figure 27.05 shows one of the standard set up of a system established by Quantum Design for the resistivity measurements as a function of temperature and magnetic fields.

Figure 27.05: Physical Property Measurement System by Quantum Design [1].

Ref.[1]. http://www.qd-india.com/