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While many properties of ceramics are dependent on defect equilibrium, microstructural features of material such as grain size, porosity etc also play very important role in determining the final properties. Both of these aspects depend heavily upon how these ceramics are processed. This is also affected by their physical dimensions and appearance i.e. whether they are in bulk form or thin film form. One of the major differences between thin films process and bulk processes is that typically bulk processes are treated as equilibrium processes while thin films processes are generally non-equilibrium phenomenon thereby altering the kinetics of phase formation. Typically we encounter that while bulk processing requires high temperatures for complete phase formation and densification, thin films can be made at much lower temperatures while achieving the desired phase as well as structural perfection. In this section, we will focus on a brief review of most common synthesis methods for fabricating the electroceramics, in both bulk as well as thin films form.
The Module contains:
Suggested Reading:
- Introduction to Ceramics: W. David Kingery, H. K. Bowen, Donald R. Uhlmann, and Wiley
- Electroceramics: Materials, Properties, Applications: A. J. Moulson and J. M. Herbert, Wiley
- Material Science of Thin Films: Milton Ohring, Academic Press
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