Summary

In the summary, depending on the application, electroceramics can be prepared by either in the bulk form or in thin film form. Bulk processing typically involves steps like material selection, weighing and mixing followed by calcinations and sintering. Thin films' processes vary vastly depending upon the way the thin films are made. While physical vapour deposition processes typically convert the material into a plasma followed by its deposition on a substrate, chemical processes require precursors to react and crack over a substrates at moderately high temperatures. The advantage of thin film processes is that one can achieve the desired phase formation and structural perfection at much lower temperatures without much use of the material. However, the equipment needed for thin film processing tends to be capital expensive.