Module 8: Multiferroic and Magnetoelectric Ceramics
  Two Phase Materials
 
8.7 Two Phase Materials

Another method to for achieving high degree of magnetoelectric coupling is to mix ferroelectric (e.g. BaTiO3) and ferromagnetic (e.g. CoFe2O4) materials and utilize the strain between two phases to introduce magneto-electric coupling. Such a coupling requires that two phase have good contact between them i.e. to have an interface through which properties can coupled such as in the form of composites, epitaxial multilayers and laminates. For a few systems, the data is shown in the table below.

Table 8.2   Magnetoelectric coupling constant data for selected two-phase magnetoelectric systems

Type of system

Materials

Coupling constant (mV/cm-Oe)

Composite28

BaTiO3 and CoFe2O4

50

Laminated composite29

Terfenol-D in polymer matrix and PZT in polymer matrix

3,000

Laminate30

Terfenol-D/PZT

4,800

Laminate31

La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 and PZT

60

Laminate32

NiFe2O4 and PZT

1,400

Epitaxial thin film structures33

BaTiO3 and CoFe2O4

--

Epitaxial thin film structures34

BiFeO3 and CoFe2O4

--

In two phase structures, as evident from some of references, one can create large changes in the magnetization owing to strain due to the ferroelectric phase transition of the ferroelectric material during film growth or one can also attempt to alter the magnetic structure by applying a field the piezoelectric material which thereby generates a strain in the magnetic material in the vicinity. Epitaxial growth of layers allows very good interfacial contact between two materials as shown in case of BaTiO3 and CoFe2O4 which has potential to improve the coupling of parameters

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