Developing actuator and sensor influence matrices.

The work done by the actuator, W_a can be expressed as

(20.5)

or,

(20.6)

C_p is elastic modulus of piezoelectric patch and denotes the active strains generated.

The constitutive equation for a laminated composite with piezoelectric layer can be written as

(20.7)

For piezoelectric layer

(20.8)