Transport Equations for k and e

	(30.3)
	(30.4)

where

and

(30.5)

The damping functions, extra terms and the model constants for a few well known low Re versions of k - ε model are shown in Table-30.1, 30.2 and 30.3 (Majumdar, 2002). Since the modeling assumptions for ε are not valid near the wall, most of the low Re turbulence models distinguish between Dissipation near Wall ( ρe ) and Dissipation far from Wall ( ) as shown in Equation (30.5). The quantity D , the additional dissipation term is non-zero only in the near wall zone. Some other similar formulations for steady, incompressible boundary layers are proposed by Hoffman (1975), Myong and Kasagi (1990a, b) and Speziale et al. (1990).